Computers are seen as artificial brains, but they are much less complex and energy-efficient than human brains.
Artificial intelligence consumes a large amount of electricity, and its demand is increasing. How can our power supply keep up with the demands of advancing neural networks and digital intelligence? A potential solution may be merging living brain cells with programmable electronic systems.
Previous efforts to use real neurons as computer brains have faced challenges. In two-dimensional (2D) cultures, the flattened neurons displayed abnormal interactions and did not survive long enough to replicate the connections found in living organisms.
Advanced in vitro neural networks try to replicate the brain’s structure using organoids. However, brain organoids—clusters of stem cells that develop into neurons—still face inconsistencies and are prone to hypoxia and necrosis.
Biological neural networks (BNNs), a type of alternative 3D neural network, could be a viable option. Ideally, these systems would serve as in vitro models that reconstruct the brain’s networks, are reproducible, and durable.
The design incorporates both dense and sparse neural connections, similar to those in the hippocampus, to manage data flow effectively. Researchers used electrodes and metal wires to create a flexible 3D polymer mesh scaffold, enabling tens of thousands of living neurons to form an energy-efficient network.
“Studying the brain’s network structures and functions could enhance general-purpose computing efficiency and provide insights into brain physiology and pathology,” the researchers stated.
The researchers started the experiment to explore questions about brain function and soon recognized its potential as a biological neural network, leading to the creation of the 3D-MIND (3D Micro-Instrumented Neural Network Device).
Inspired by origami, they initially designed it in two dimensions, embedding sensors to align with a neuron’s soma before folding it into three-dimensional layers.
Neurons were integrated into the system using rat hippocampal neurons, which are important for learning and memory. The entire device was then coated with a thin layer of gel.
The coating contains proteins that help neurons form connections with glial cells. These glial cells hold neural structures together, supply nutrients, perform immune functions, regulate chemicals, produce myelin insulation for axons, and maintain a clean environment for signaling.
The researchers observed neurons arranging and connecting in three dimensions within the structure. They tracked these stable neurons over time, recording their growth, development, and action potentials, which are the electrical impulses used for communication.
The researchers recognize the difficulty in scaling up this system, but they find it promising compared to current energy-intensive AI networks. They stated, “The system provides a relevant understanding of the brain’s 3D network connectivity and could help in assessing the brain’s computational efficiency and versatility.”
John 8:44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it .
Revelations 9:1. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit.
Revelations 9:2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
Revelations 9:3 And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.
Revelations 9:7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.
Revelations 9:8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.
Revelations 9:9 And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.
Revelations 9:11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
Revelations 13:15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.
Revelations 13:16 And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:
Revelations 13:17 And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.
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